Asthma is a respiratory condition that causes narrowing of the airways and leads to coughing, wheezing, and general breathing issues. You’re probably familiar with asthma in humans, but cats can also develop the condition. The Old 41 Animal Hospital team explains the causes, signs, and treatment options to help manage feline asthma and ensure a better life for your whiskered friend. 

Feline asthma causes

While the cause of feline asthma has yet to be fully understood, it’s believed to be an allergic reaction that leads to inflammation of the airways. Several factors can contribute to the development of asthma in cats:

  • Allergens — Common allergens include pollen, dust mites, mold, cigarette smoke, and certain types of cat litter. Inhaling these allergens can trigger an asthma attack.
  • Infections — Respiratory infections, such as those caused by bacteria or viruses, can lead to or exacerbate asthmatic reactions.
  • Obesity — Overweight cats are at a higher risk of developing respiratory problems, including asthma.
  • Genetics — Some breeds, such as Siamese cats, have a higher predisposition to asthma, indicating a possible genetic component.
  • Stress — Anxiety and stressful situations, such as changing homes, can trigger or worsen asthma attacks in cats.

Feline asthma signs

Early diagnosis and prompt treatment rely on cat owners understanding the signs of asthma in their feline friends.  These signs can vary from mild to severe and include:

  • Coughing — One of the telltale signs of asthma in cats is a persistent cough, which can sometimes be mistaken for trying to expel a hairball.
  • Wheezing — Cats with asthma may produce a wheezing sound, especially during exhalation.
  • Difficulty breathing — Labored or rapid breathing is a significant indicator of respiratory distress. Cats with asthma may also exhibit open-mouth breathing.
  • Labored breathing — In severe cases, cats may exhibit labored breathing, characterized by flared nostrils and abdominal movement when they breathe. 
  • Open-mouth breathing — Cats typically breathe quietly through their noses, and open-mouthed breathing can indicate respiratory distress.
  • Exercise intolerance — Cats with asthma can become easily fatigued and may be less active, avoiding play and exercise due to breathing difficulties.
  • Vomiting or gagging — Some cats may gag or vomit after a coughing fit, which can be misinterpreted as a gastrointestinal problem.
  • Bluish gums and tongue — In severe cases, a lack of oxygen can cause the gums and tongue to appear blue.

Diagnosis and treatment of cat asthma

If asthma is suspected, our veterinarian will perform a thorough physical exam and chest X-rays to look for changes in the lungs and airways consistent with asthma. Sometimes, we use a bronchoscope to examine the airways and collect samples for visual analysis. Blood and allergy tests can also help identify underlying infections or specific allergens that may trigger asthma.

While there is no cure for feline asthma, several treatment options can help manage the condition and improve your cat’s quality of life, including:

  • Medications — Our team may prescribe corticosteroids, which are anti-inflammatory drugs that reduce airway inflammation, and bronchodilators to open the airways and make breathing easier. If your cat has a secondary infection, we may prescribe an appropriate antimicrobial to resolve the issue.
  • Environmental management — Keeping your home clean, using dust-free litter, avoiding smoking indoors, and using air purifiers can help minimize exposure to asthma triggers.
  • Weight management — Ensuring your cat maintains a healthy weight through diet and exercise can reduce the severity of asthma.
  • Stress reduction — Minimize feline stress by providing a stable, calm environment, and use calming products, such as pheromone diffusers, if needed. 
  • Wellness care — Ongoing wellness exams are essential to monitor your furry pal’s condition and adjust treatment as necessary.

Feline asthma is a manageable condition that requires proper understanding and care. If you suspect your cat may have asthma, schedule an appointment with The Old 41 Animal Hospital team as soon as possible.