Pet owners often choose particular canine and feline breeds as companions because of their unique characteristics, but these special pets are prone to a variety of health conditions. However, owners who are aware of their pet’s breed-related health conditions, from genetic predispositions to specific ailments, will be empowered to take proactive measures to keep their pet healthy and happy. Our team at The Old 41 Animal Hospital outlines some of the most common breed-related health conditions, so you know what to expect in your purebred pet.

Common breed-related health conditions in cats

Cats are incredibly skilled at hiding any health issue signs, so spotting medical conditions before the problem has advanced can be tough. Keep an eye out for the following breed-related health conditions.

Polycystic kidney disease in cats

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder commonly found in cats, particularly Persians and related breeds. PKD is characterized by the formation of fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys that gradually enlarge, replacing normal kidney tissue and leading to kidney failure. 

Asthma in cats

Asthma in cats is a respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and constriction of the airways that makes breathing difficult. Common feline asthma triggers include allergens such as dust, pollen, smoke, and certain scents. While any cat can develop asthma, Siamese and Himalayans are most commonly affected. 

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common heart disease in cats, characterized by thickening of the heart muscle, particularly the left ventricle. While the exact cause in cats is unknown, the disease is believed to have a genetic component. HCM can affect cats of any age or breed but is more commonly seen in certain breeds such as Maine coons and Ragdolls. 

Progressive retinal atrophy in cats

Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) is a degenerative eye disease that causes gradual deterioration of the retinal tissue, leading to progressive vision loss. PRA is typically an inherited condition, most commonly seen in Siamese and Oriental breed groups, although environmental factors may also play a role. 

Common breed-related health conditions in dogs

Watch for the following breed-related health conditions that occur most commonly in dogs.

Hip and elbow dysplasia in dogs

Hip and elbow dysplasia are orthopedic conditions commonly found in large- and giant-breed dogs, particularly German shepherds, retrievers, and Great Danes, though dogs of any size can be affected. Both conditions can result in pain, lameness, stiffness, and decreased mobility. Genetics play a significant role in predisposing dogs to these conditions, but environmental factors, such as rapid growth and excessive weight gain, can exacerbate the symptoms. 

Intervertebral disc disease in dogs

Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) is a common spinal condition in certain breeds with longer backs, such as dachshunds and corgis. IVDD occurs when the discs between the spinal vertebrae degenerate or herniate, putting pressure on the spinal cord or nerves, resulting in pain, stiffness, or paralysis. The disease can be acute or chronic and is often exacerbated by factors such as obesity, genetics, and physical trauma.

Heart conditions in dogs

Various breeds are susceptible to specific heart diseases, such as dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in Dobermans and boxers, mitral valve disease (MVD) in Cavalier King Charles spaniels, and subaortic stenosis (SAS) in boxers and Newfoundlands, among others. These conditions often have a hereditary component, although environmental factors may also play a role.

Allergies in dogs

Allergies commonly affect breeds with wrinkly skin, such as bulldogs and shar-peis, or those with dilute colors, like pit bulls and Dobermans. However, retrievers, hounds, and many other breeds can also develop hypersensitivities to environmental allergens, fleas, or protein sources.

Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome in dogs

Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) is a respiratory condition commonly found in brachycephalic dog breeds whose anatomical abnormalities in their airways obstruct normal breathing. Breeds such as bulldogs, pugs, Boston terriers, and shih tzus, with their short noses and flat faces, are particularly susceptible. BOAS can significantly impact a dog’s quality of life and lead to life-threatening respiratory distress if left untreated.

Eye conditions in dogs

Cavalier King Charles spaniels, cocker spaniels, and poodles are some breeds prone to cataracts and progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), which lead to vision impairment or blindness. Additionally, breeds such as the shih tzu, pug, and Pekingese are predisposed to brachycephalic ocular syndrome, which is characterized by shallow eye sockets and protruding eyes that increase the risk of eye injuries and infections. Furthermore, collies and Australian shepherds may develop a genetic condition called collie eye anomaly (CEA), which affects the retina and can cause vision loss.

To determine which breed-related health conditions you need to watch for in your pet, schedule an appointment with our team at The Old 41 Animal Hospital.